Is Nutmeg Neurotoxic? Exploring the Potential Risks of Excessive Consumption

Published June 4, 2022 · Updated January 26, 2024

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is a popular spice derived from the seed of an evergreen tree native to Indonesia. It is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine for its distinctive aroma and flavor.

Neurotoxicity: Explained

Neurotoxicity refers to the ability of certain substances to cause damage or adverse effects to the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

Nutmeg contains various chemical compounds, including myristicin, elemicin, and safrole. Myristicin, in particular, is believed to be responsible for nutmeg’s psychoactive effects.

Nutmeg has been reported to possess psychoactive properties, with excessive consumption leading to symptoms such as hallucinations, confusion, and seizures. These effects are attributed to myristicin’s influence on the central nervous system.

Animal studies have demonstrated that high doses of nutmeg can induce neurotoxic effects in rodents. These studies have shown that nutmeg exposure can lead to neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and alterations in neurotransmitter systems.

Human case reports have also documented instances of nutmeg toxicity, with symptoms ranging from hallucinations and seizures to more severe neurological complications.

The exact mechanisms through which nutmeg exerts neurotoxic effects are still being investigated. Proposed mechanisms include:
- Neurotransmitter Modulation: Myristicin may influence the levels or activity of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, leading to alterations in brain signaling.
- Oxidative Stress: Nutmeg consumption has been associated with increased oxidative stress, which can damage neurons and contribute to neurotoxicity.
- Excitotoxicity: Excessive glutamate release and excitotoxicity have been implicated in nutmeg-induced neurotoxicity, potentially leading to neuronal damage.

In culinary applications, nutmeg is generally considered safe when used in small amounts. However, excessive consumption can lead to adverse effects, including neurotoxicity.
It is important to exercise caution and avoid excessive nutmeg intake, particularly in concentrated forms such as essential oils or extracts.

Nutmeg possesses potential neurotoxic effects, particularly when consumed in large quantities. Studies have shown that high doses of nutmeg can induce neurotoxic changes in animal models and have been associated with neurological complications in humans.

The mechanisms of nutmeg’s neurotoxicity are still being explored, but they may involve modulation of neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity.
Safe nutmeg consumption involves using it in moderation as a culinary spice, avoiding excessive intake or concentrated forms.
Further research is needed to fully understand the neurotoxic effects of nutmeg and establish safe consumption guidelines.

Salman, N. A. A., El-Safty, F. E.-N. A.-H., El-Habeby, M. M., El-Kholy, W. B., & El-Akabawy, G. F. A. (2019). Vitamin C attenuates the toxic effect of nutmeg on primary visual occipital cortex in rats. Folia Morphologica, 78(1), 33-38.
Lockett, E., & Bassham, J. (2018, August 31). High on Nutmeg: The Effects of Too Much and the Dangers. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/high-on-nutmeg
Rowden, A., & Wilson, D. R. (2020, October 23). Can nutmeg cause a ‘high’? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nutmeg-high

Is nutmeg neurotoxic?

Yes, nutmeg has the potential to cause neurotoxic effects, particularly when consumed in large quantities. Studies have shown that high doses of nutmeg can induce neurotoxic changes in animal models and have been associated with neurological complications in humans.
What are the neurotoxic effects of nutmeg?

Nutmeg’s neurotoxic effects can include hallucinations, confusion, seizures, and more severe neurological complications. These effects are attributed to myristicin, a compound found in nutmeg that can influence the central nervous system.
What are the mechanisms of nutmeg’s neurotoxicity?

The exact mechanisms are still being investigated, but proposed mechanisms include modulation of neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity.

Is nutmeg safe to consume?

Nutmeg is generally considered safe when used in small amounts as a culinary spice. However, excessive consumption can lead to adverse effects, including neurotoxicity.
How can I avoid the neurotoxic effects of nutmeg?

To avoid the neurotoxic effects of nutmeg, it is important to consume it in moderation. Avoid excessive intake or concentrated forms such as essential oils or extracts.
What should I do if I experience nutmeg toxicity?

If you experience symptoms of nutmeg toxicity, such as hallucinations, confusion, or seizures, seek medical attention immediately.